What is needed for a new project that does not have a dev board?

I have began my transition to the 32 bit world by using a Teensy 3.1 board. Now the question I have is what if I wanted to branch out to a chip that does not have a dev board? I can find a FRDM-K2D50M dev board, which has a very similar chip, but I was thinking that I need a chip that is smaller. What happens then? I need get a JTAG, that I know, but do I need something else special to get me to compile and upload to the chip? Is this something that Freescale would give me or is this something I need to develop on my own? It does not have to be Freescale, but I am sort of confused as to what I need to do to get a brand new project going on a specific chip that is not on a dev board. Hopefully it is not a dumb question, but Arduino and PIC made things a little to easy.

Thanks!