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hi i got this error ( am using keilv4 for cortex m0 ) .\code.axf: Error: L6218E: Undefined symbol __gmpz_clear (referred from bls.o). .\code.axf: Error: L6218E: Undefined symbol __gmpz_get_si (referred from bls.o). .\code.axf: Error: L6218E: Undefined symbol __gmpz_init (referred from bls.o). .\code.axf: Error: L6218E: Undefined symbol element_from_bytes_compressed (referred from bls.o). .\code.axf: Error: L6218E: Undefined symbol element_from_bytes_x_only (referred from bls.o). .\code.axf: Error: L6218E: Undefined symbol element_pow2_mpz (referred from bls.o). .\code.axf: Error: L6218E: Undefined symbol element_pow3_mpz (referred from bls.o). .\code.axf: Error: L6218E: Undefined symbol element_printf (referred from bls.o). .\code.axf: Error: L6218E: Undefined symbol element_to_bytes_compressed (referred from bls.o). .\code.axf: Error: L6218E: Undefined symbol element_to_bytes_x_only (referred from bls.o). .\code.axf: Error: L6218E: Undefined symbol pairing_clear (referred from bls.o). .\code.axf: Error: L6218E: Undefined symbol pairing_init_set_buf (referred from bls.o). .\code.axf: Error: L6218E: Undefined symbol pbc_die (referred from bls.o). .\code.axf: Error: L6218E: Undefined symbol pbc_free (referred from bls.o). .\code.axf: Error: L6218E: Undefined symbol pbc_malloc (referred from bls.o).
please does anyone have an idea how can i solve these errors thankx
Hi mariam,
The problem may not be in your code. You may have correctly included the header files but for the all the variables/functions declared in those header files, it must have a definition of those.
So as Per Westermark already said, you need the Libraries implementation files: the source files (.c/.cpp) OR the object files (.o) OR the Library file (*.lib) included in your project.
Check the Libraries documentation and associated supplied files that came with library.
Regards, Girish Thavai
crystal clear thank you Mr Girish Thavai and Mr Per Westermark
hi since i filed to generate the implementation libraries files with msys emulation tool i had to change my code the new code is about calculating energy, ETX and the position of nodes in WSN it includes: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <math.h> #include "ESSAI2.h"
however i get this warning warning: #223-D: function "min" declared implicitly then this error Error: L6218E: Undefined symbol min (referred from main.o).
from other discussions i got to know that it's not a Linker issue
But i couldn't rectify it ..please do you have any hint to help me
Go through the Keil Help Manual for List of Errors and Warning. An error starting with L is a linker error.
From your warning and error, it seems the prototype for min() is incorrect or header file is not included or the that function is not defined the cause for generating that linker error.
a) You used a function without prototyping it, so the compiler made assumptions about the parameters passed.
b) The actual functional code required is not provided anywhere in your project, or it's library files, and the linker can't find it.
The solution would be to determine which include file defines this macro, or provide a macro or function in your own code that does so.
well thank you i found the prob now actually in my math.h the minimum is defined as fmin and not min
fmin() isn't really suitable.
min() and max() aren't a required part of stdlib.h, although often there.
stackoverflow.com/.../min-and-max-in-c
The common implementation looks like this
/* min and max macros */ #define max(a,b) (((a) > (b)) ? (a) : (b)) #define min(a,b) (((a) < (b)) ? (a) : (b))
Try Google, it really works...
thank you very much