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Link (?) problem using pre-built cross-compiler

smblackledge

I was told to install the latest pre-build (x86_64 to ARM) "https://developer.arm.com/-/media/Files/downloads/gnu-rm/10-2020q4/gcc-arm-none-eabi-10-2020-q4-major-x86_64-linux.tar.bz2?revision=ca0cbf9c-9de2-491c-ac48-898b5bbc0443&la=en&hash=68760A8AE66026BCF99F05AC017A6A50C6FD832A",  I renamed the file to remove everything following the "...tar.bz2".  Once installed, I tried running a "hello world" test which fails with several errors.

I hope the "-v" switch is helpful.

I fully admit to only have used compilers installed by a sysadmin.   I have tried googling and reading about everything I could about installing and using the pre-built compiler but I'm just not getting it.  Since everybody has a first time for whatever task they're doing, I'd appreciate any help.  I'm very willing to do my research, so whatever help, info or pointers to help, is appreciated.

I do know that using both -mcpu=cortex-m0plus and -march=armv6 causes a switch conflict so I just told it what the cpu was and let it pick the architecture.

Regarding the test run, I do not know how to get the includes right, and what is left looks to be link errors.  I don't know how to fix that either.

----------

ssh'ing to x86-64 machine running ububtu 20.04, default gcc is 9.3.0.

Installing gcc 10.2.1 which should be a cross-compiler to an ARM Cortex-m0+.


alias gccm=..blah../gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc -mcpu=cortex-m0plus'

Running test

$ gccm -v scott/gccsrc/hello.c
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=/subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/arm-none-eabi-gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/lto-wrapper
Target: arm-none-eabi
Configured with: /mnt/workspace/workspace/GCC-10-pipeline/jenkins-GCC-10-pipeline-48_20201124_1606180641/src/gcc/configure --target=arm-none-eabi --prefix=/mnt/workspace/workspace/GCC-10-pipeline/jenkins-GCC-10-pipeline-48_20201124_1606180641/install-native --libexecdir=/mnt/workspace/workspace/GCC-10-pipeline/jenkins-GCC-10-pipeline-48_20201124_1606180641/install-native/lib --infodir=/mnt/workspace/workspace/GCC-10-pipeline/jenkins-GCC-10-pipeline-48_20201124_1606180641/install-native/share/doc/gcc-arm-none-eabi/info --mandir=/mnt/workspace/workspace/GCC-10-pipeline/jenkins-GCC-10-pipeline-48_20201124_1606180641/install-native/share/doc/gcc-arm-none-eabi/man --htmldir=/mnt/workspace/workspace/GCC-10-pipeline/jenkins-GCC-10-pipeline-48_20201124_1606180641/install-native/share/doc/gcc-arm-none-eabi/html --pdfdir=/mnt/workspace/workspace/GCC-10-pipeline/jenkins-GCC-10-pipeline-48_20201124_1606180641/install-native/share/doc/gcc-arm-none-eabi/pdf --enable-languages=c,c++ --enable-plugins --disable-decimal-float --disable-libffi --disable-libgomp --disable-libmudflap --disable-libquadmath --disable-libssp --disable-libstdcxx-pch --disable-nls --disable-shared --disable-threads --disable-tls --with-gnu-as --with-gnu-ld --with-newlib --with-headers=yes --with-python-dir=share/gcc-arm-none-eabi --with-sysroot=/mnt/workspace/workspace/GCC-10-pipeline/jenkins-GCC-10-pipeline-48_20201124_1606180641/install-native/arm-none-eabi --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --with-gmp=/mnt/workspace/workspace/GCC-10-pipeline/jenkins-GCC-10-pipeline-48_20201124_1606180641/build-native/host-libs/usr --with-mpfr=/mnt/workspace/workspace/GCC-10-pipeline/jenkins-GCC-10-pipeline-48_20201124_1606180641/build-native/host-libs/usr --with-mpc=/mnt/workspace/workspace/GCC-10-pipeline/jenkins-GCC-10-pipeline-48_20201124_1606180641/build-native/host-libs/usr --with-isl=/mnt/workspace/workspace/GCC-10-pipeline/jenkins-GCC-10-pipeline-48_20201124_1606180641/build-native/host-libs/usr --with-libelf=/mnt/workspace/workspace/GCC-10-pipeline/jenkins-GCC-10-pipeline-48_20201124_1606180641/build-native/host-libs/usr --with-host-libstdcxx='-static-libgcc -Wl,-Bstatic,-lstdc++,-Bdynamic -lm' --with-pkgversion='GNU Arm Embedded Toolchain 10-2020-q4-major' --with-multilib-list=rmprofile,aprofile
Thread model: single
Supported LTO compression algorithms: zlib
gcc version 10.2.1 20201103 (release) (GNU Arm Embedded Toolchain 10-2020-q4-major)
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-mcpu=cortex-m0plus' '-v' '-mfloat-abi=soft' '-mthumb' '-march=armv6s-m'
 /subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/cc1 -quiet -v -imultilib thumb/v6-m/nofp -iprefix /subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/ -isysroot /subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../arm-none-eabi -D__USES_INITFINI__ scott/gccsrc/hello.c -quiet -dumpbase hello.c -mcpu=cortex-m0plus -mfloat-abi=soft -mthumb -march=armv6s-m -auxbase hello -version -o /tmp/ccWn3kSy.s
GNU C17 (GNU Arm Embedded Toolchain 10-2020-q4-major) version 10.2.1 20201103 (release) (arm-none-eabi)
        compiled by GNU C version 4.8.4, GMP version 6.1.0, MPFR version 3.1.4, MPC version 1.0.3, isl version isl-0.18-GMP

GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
ignoring duplicate directory "/subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../arm-none-eabi/usr/local/include"
ignoring duplicate directory "/subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/include-fixed"
ignoring duplicate directory "/subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../arm-none-eabi/usr/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
 /subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/include
 /subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/include-fixed
 /subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/include
End of search list.
GNU C17 (GNU Arm Embedded Toolchain 10-2020-q4-major) version 10.2.1 20201103 (release) (arm-none-eabi)
        compiled by GNU C version 4.8.4, GMP version 6.1.0, MPFR version 3.1.4, MPC version 1.0.3, isl version isl-0.18-GMP

GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
Compiler executable checksum: e9addb35ad3a920a846c18a834db924d
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-mcpu=cortex-m0plus' '-v' '-mfloat-abi=soft' '-mthumb' '-march=armv6s-m'
 /subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/as -v -march=armv6s-m -mfloat-abi=soft -meabi=5 -o /tmp/ccizQoAu.o /tmp/ccWn3kSy.s
GNU assembler version 2.35.1 (arm-none-eabi) using BFD version (GNU Arm Embedded Toolchain 10-2020-q4-major) 2.35.1.20201028
COMPILER_PATH=/subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/:/subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/:/subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/
LIBRARY_PATH=/subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/thumb/v6-m/nofp/:/subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/thumb/v6-m/nofp/:/subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../arm-none-eabi/lib/thumb/v6-m/nofp/:/subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/:/subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/:/subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/:/subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../arm-none-eabi/lib/
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-mcpu=cortex-m0plus' '-v' '-mfloat-abi=soft' '-mthumb' '-march=armv6s-m'
 /subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/collect2 -plugin /subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/liblto_plugin.so -plugin-opt=/subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/lto-wrapper -plugin-opt=-fresolution=/tmp/ccuzQXjx.res -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lc --sysroot=/subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../arm-none-eabi -X /subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/thumb/v6-m/nofp/crti.o /subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/thumb/v6-m/nofp/crtbegin.o /subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/thumb/v6-m/nofp/crt0.o -L/subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/thumb/v6-m/nofp -L/subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/thumb/v6-m/nofp -L/subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../arm-none-eabi/lib/thumb/v6-m/nofp -L/subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1 -L/subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc -L/subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib -L/subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../arm-none-eabi/lib /tmp/ccizQoAu.o --start-group -lgcc -lc --end-group /subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/thumb/v6-m/nofp/crtend.o /subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/thumb/v6-m/nofp/crtn.o
/subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: /subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/thumb/v6-m/nofp/libc.a(lib_a-exit.o): in function `exit':
exit.c:(.text.exit+0x18): undefined reference to `_exit'
/subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: /subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/thumb/v6-m/nofp/libc.a(lib_a-sbrkr.o): in function `_sbrk_r':
sbrkr.c:(.text._sbrk_r+0xc): undefined reference to `_sbrk'
/subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: /subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/thumb/v6-m/nofp/libc.a(lib_a-writer.o): in function `_write_r':
writer.c:(.text._write_r+0x10): undefined reference to `_write'
/subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: /subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/thumb/v6-m/nofp/libc.a(lib_a-closer.o): in function `_close_r':
closer.c:(.text._close_r+0xc): undefined reference to `_close'
/subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: /subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/thumb/v6-m/nofp/libc.a(lib_a-lseekr.o): in function `_lseek_r':
lseekr.c:(.text._lseek_r+0x10): undefined reference to `_lseek'
/subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: /subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/thumb/v6-m/nofp/libc.a(lib_a-readr.o): in function `_read_r':
readr.c:(.text._read_r+0x10): undefined reference to `_read'
/subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: /subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/thumb/v6-m/nofp/libc.a(lib_a-fstatr.o): in function `_fstat_r':
fstatr.c:(.text._fstat_r+0xe): undefined reference to `_fstat'
/subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: /subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/thumb/v6-m/nofp/libc.a(lib_a-isattyr.o): in function `_isatty_r':
isattyr.c:(.text._isatty_r+0xc): undefined reference to `_isatty'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
localuser@buildbox:~$

Parents Reply Children
  • 0 in reply to Andy Neil

    Thanks Andy.  Sounds like you're a bit tired of newbie questions, but I do appreciate your explanations.  Since you mentioned it, do you have a couple of favorite IDEs for cross-compile environments?

  • 0 in reply to smblackledge

    I'd recommend that you go with the IDE provided by the chip maker.

    Then you should have some ready-to-go examples to start with.

  • 0 in reply to Andy Neil

    The linker step of the build is failing since implementations of routines like _exit, _sbrk are not available to the linker.  If you added the libnosys.a library to the linker command line, via the syntax I suggested, those routines would be found. The use of 'nm' below lists the routines implemented in such a file.

    $ arm-none-eabi-nm /path/to/gnu-toolchain/arm-none-eabi/lib/thumb/v6-m/nofp/libnosys.a | grep T
00000000 T _chown
00000000 T _close
00000000 T _execve
00000000 T _fork
00000000 T _fstat
00000000 T _getpid
00000000 T _gettimeofday
00000000 T _isatty
00000000 T _kill
00000000 T _link
00000000 T _lseek
00000000 T _open
00000000 T _read
00000000 T _readlink
00000000 T _sbrk
00000000 T _stat
00000000 T _symlink
00000000 T _times
00000000 T _unlink
00000000 T _wait
00000000 T _write
00000000 T _exit

    The 'T' indicates that the file contains an implementation of the routine.

  • 0 in reply to tobermory

    I've made the following changes (including adding -l=nosys):

    m0='/subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin'

    alias gccm='$m0/arm-none-eabi-gcc -o hello -mcpu=cortex-m0plus -l=nosys'

    $ gccm ~/scott/gccsrc/hello.c

    So, I have one variable (m0), one command alias with your suggested "-l=nosys" switch, and the command to invoke gcc itself.  I thought I had all the pieces you wanted me to use, but as you can see with the May 7, 2021, 5:35 PM reply (starting with "The actual applications we're going to be creating shouldn't be complex at all." The linker is still missing something.  I don't know what is missing (eabinosys doesn't show up in Google at all), or even if I do find the right library (newlib?), how is it used? (already trying -l=nosys, so should I try -l=newlib or perhaps -l=nosys,eaibnosys ?

    In the mean time, I'm going to reread the newlib docs.

    Tober, thanks for your patience.

    Copied current error here from below:

    Results:

    ~$ gccm ~/scott/gccsrc/hello.c
    /subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/10.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: cannot find -l/subo/Tooling/src/team-sweng/cross-compile/cortexm0/gcc-10.2.1_m0/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin/../arm-none-eabinosys
    collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status