• State Accepted Answer
  • Locked Locked
  • Replies 3 replies
  • Subscribers 19 subscribers
  • Views 48380 views
  • Users 0 members are here
Options
Related
How was your experience today?
This discussion has been locked.
You can no longer post new replies to this discussion. If you have a question you can start a new discussion

What is fp (r11) used for?

Jay Zhao

In some assembly code, I find that this register is often used with sp register or alone,and sometimes causing  problems.

In fact, I'm not very familiar about its special usage in ARM architecture.

Can someone tell me about it and what I should pay attention to when using it ?

Parents
  • 0

    Hi jayzhao,

    the fp stands for the frame pointer which is used as a base pointer to local variables on the stack. Although sp (stack pointer) varies according to function calls from a function, fp holds a fixed value. The relationship between the sp and the fp is a just difference of offsets for the stack. For a wise compiler, the fp might not be needed because it could be realized by adjusting offsets for the sp.  Therefore it would be no problems unless the fp would be used. As for the gcc, you can see the behavior of the fp by using -fno-omit-frame-pointer switch. For example the results of the compilation of the main.c as the following.

    main()
    {
      volatile int a,b,c;
      c = a+b;
    }

    (1) with -fno-omit-frame-pointer
    main:
            mov     ip, sp
            stmfd   sp!, {fp, ip, lr, pc}
            sub     fp, ip, #4
            sub     sp, sp, #12
            ldr     r2, [fp, #-16]
            ldr     r3, [fp, #-20]
            add     r3, r3, r2
            str     r3, [fp, #-24]
            sub     sp, fp, #12
            ldmfd   sp, {fp, sp, pc}

    (2) witch -fomit-frame-pointer
    main:
            sub     sp, sp, #12
            ldr     r2, [sp, #8]  @@ fp can be replaced for sp
            ldr     r3, [sp, #4]  @@ fp can be replaced for sp
            add     r3, r3, r2
            str     r3, [sp, #0]  @@ fp can be replaced for sp
            add     sp, sp, #12
            bx      lr


    Best regards,
    Yasuhiko Koumoto.

Reply
  • 0

    Hi jayzhao,

    the fp stands for the frame pointer which is used as a base pointer to local variables on the stack. Although sp (stack pointer) varies according to function calls from a function, fp holds a fixed value. The relationship between the sp and the fp is a just difference of offsets for the stack. For a wise compiler, the fp might not be needed because it could be realized by adjusting offsets for the sp.  Therefore it would be no problems unless the fp would be used. As for the gcc, you can see the behavior of the fp by using -fno-omit-frame-pointer switch. For example the results of the compilation of the main.c as the following.

    main()
    {
      volatile int a,b,c;
      c = a+b;
    }

    (1) with -fno-omit-frame-pointer
    main:
            mov     ip, sp
            stmfd   sp!, {fp, ip, lr, pc}
            sub     fp, ip, #4
            sub     sp, sp, #12
            ldr     r2, [fp, #-16]
            ldr     r3, [fp, #-20]
            add     r3, r3, r2
            str     r3, [fp, #-24]
            sub     sp, fp, #12
            ldmfd   sp, {fp, sp, pc}

    (2) witch -fomit-frame-pointer
    main:
            sub     sp, sp, #12
            ldr     r2, [sp, #8]  @@ fp can be replaced for sp
            ldr     r3, [sp, #4]  @@ fp can be replaced for sp
            add     r3, r3, r2
            str     r3, [sp, #0]  @@ fp can be replaced for sp
            add     sp, sp, #12
            bx      lr


    Best regards,
    Yasuhiko Koumoto.

Children