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translational table : block and table descriptor

Hello Experts, 

I am trying to understand in the attached snapshot, how the values of m and n are derived for table and block descriptors respectively ? Can anyone please explain me since I am new to this. 

The snapshot is from ARM8 ARM page:2445.

  

In the next page (above snapshot) for a 4KB translational granule, bits 47:30 are the OA for the block descriptor and it specifies a 1GB memory.

How 18 bits can specify a 1GB memory ?  I got confused here too.